Nietzsche : God Is Dead Essay -- Philosophy Atheist Atheism Friedrich

The Question State your understanding of the philosophy of F. Nietzsche. What does he mean by verbal expression God is Dead?Nietzsches philosophy is that of a radical view as it calls for the completereevaluation of morals and blatantly attacks the Judeo-Christian tradition in modern beau monde. He believed one should dare to become who they are. In order to ascertain ones full potential as a human being, the ethic system of which by society runs, must be changed as it only hampers ones will to power. According to Nietzsche, philosophy is not the pursuit of truth, for on that point are notruths, only interpretations, instead it is an crusade on the creators behalf to interpret reality in their favor. To illustrate this point he examines master morality as opposed to slave morality.Master morality barely defined is a system of what is good and what is evil, set up by and based on those who have power. So it is not surprising that it would regard the attributes of a noble to be inh erently good and those of a weaker peasant to be evil or, rather, undesirable. Since it is the rich and powerful who define this morality, it is built to their benefit. Contrary to master morality, there is slave morality and likewise it is built with the same biases only differing as it leans to benefit the poor. This system of ethics overturned that of the master, by twisting all virtues hailed as good by noble aristocrats, into evils, slowly over the course of time. Then goodnes...

Homework :: Teaching Education

HomeworkIs it non amazing that in todays society students moldiness not only come about s correct hours in school doing work, but then they must go home to spend another quintet or six hours doing homework? Their grades are not improving enough to make a difference, and they are becoming extremely unhealthy. Not only does the average student suffer from sleep release but many times malnutrition and emotional breakdowns. These are all caused by the over assigning of homework outside of school.How much(prenominal) homework is there really? Some say that for every hour spent in class a high school student should spend at least and hour doing homework and studying for that particular class. Well considering that a student would have to wake up by 6 a.m. and does not get home until around 230 p.m. there just are not enough hours in a day. Seven hours of school would be seven more hours out of school this would mean that if the students came home from school, they would have to wor ks non stop from 230 p.m. until 930 p.m. every day. This may not seem bad until a person realizes that in todays world, the average student has at least one or devil activities a week. The students may not be home until 500 or 600 in the evening, if not later and then would be required to occlusion up until 100 a.m. doing homework. This is ridiculous.This homework causes sleep deprivation without sleep it is almost impossible for the body to function. A student could easily become ill. With only five hours of sleep, a student is less likely to wake up in the morning, causing many tardies in school. If the students become sick they will miss even more school and the makeup homework will begin to pile up. This makeup work adds hours to the regular work. Eventually the student will become so tired and ill that the underline will become unbearable. The average teenager in the year 2000 is already subject to extreme stress. This stress exemplifies with sleep deprivation and illn ess. Stress is an amazingly powerful thing. Any student can become stressed but with more and more homework begin added into everyday schedules, the stress factor can increase severely, causing students to become tired, irritable, ill, depressed, and even to have emotional breakdowns.

Who comes first, the plants or the people? :: Essays Papers

Who comes first, the plants or the people?What does come first? Should people be asked to give up manything or be denied something? Or should people be allowed to develop where they please? Often when people take on an endeavor their first thoughts are about how they can benefit all overcompensate now, especially in terms of m aney, and they are not focused on the long-term effects of what they are doing. Although this is not the case in every situation, the incidences in which it is can have a negative impact on the environment, in particular, damage the wet primers.According the U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) there was estimated to be over 220 million acres of wetlands in the lower 48 states during the 1600s and in 1997 there were only 105.5 million acres of wetlands remaining (2003). From 1986 to 1997 58,500 acres of wetland were lost each course of study (EPA 2003). The study during 1986 to 1997 also showed the causes of wetland losses in the United States we re due to urban development (30%), agriculture (26%), silviculture (23%), and rural development (21%) (US Fish & Wild support 2003). Wetlands are open passim the United States and there are many different types of wetlands and these environmental structures provide a number of valuable functions in the communities in which they reside. There are some protection measures present for these wonderments and measures to help the communities protect them. However, there are still those that question the value of them. The numerous valuable functions of the varying types of wetlands throughout the United States is one group of plants that should be preserved and come before people.What are wetlands?In the United States there is a wide variety of wetlands due to the varying climates, land structure, species occupying the terrain, and other factors, such as human disturbance. The EPA defines wetlands as an area of land that is saturated with water, on or near the advance, and the wa ter amount determines the plants and animals that are found in that community (2003). The Clean Water Act also provides a definition of wetlands as those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions (EPA 2003). From these definitions wetlands can be grouped into four basic types marshes, swamps, bogs, and fens.

Getting Tough With Terrorism :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

repairting Tough With Terrorism   Which will it be victim or victory for the United States of America? Our leading tell us nearly every day that another attack by terrorists -- possibly with nuclear, biological or chemical weapons -- is imminent. The message seems to be Get your affairs in order, make sure your will is up to date and prepare to meet thy God.   Instead of our leaders direct that message to us, how about them sending the message to our enemies in a package more powerful than rhetoric? Whatever happened to the confidence represented by the World War I song, everyplace There (The Yanks are coming, the Yanks are coming... and we wont come back til its over, over there.)? Who has more to fear, them or us? Do we have more to fear than fear itself?   The spirit of All Fears, now playing in a not so nuclear-free zone theater near you, is a film about neo-Nazis (a politically patch up choice of a hate group selected to offend hardly anyone), who blow up B altimore, of all places. In the film, Americans are again at the mercy of craze hate-mongers. We are portrayed as powerless to do anything about them. Viagra is often prescribed for physical impotence. Whats the cure for political and military impotence? It is victory   In his remarks to graduates of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, President Bush may have signaled the beginning of the end of this victim attitude. Halfway through his speech, he said that our security will require all Americans to be forward-looking and resolute, to be ready for preemptive action when necessary to correspond our liberty and to defend our lives.(President)   Preemptive action, not reaction, is whats needed. The president said we must uncover terror cells in 60 or more countries. Lets start with one cell in one rural, besides Afghanistan. Villagers in some backward country that harbors terrorists should wake up one morning and notice the terrorists among them are dead or missing. g ood deal like Saddam Hussein, not Americans, should start each day looking in the mirror and wondering if today is their last day on Earth. currency should be missing from terrorist bank accounts all over the world as American intelligence confiscates large amounts of cash through electronic transfers. Terrorist cells in this country should be located, their headquarters raided and their members arrested before they know what hit them.

Puritan Society Essay -- Religion

The modern use of the word puritan is commonly used to describe roughlyone who may have hard line views on sex, discredits recreational activities, and continually tries to impose their beliefs on others they come into contact with. However the consideration Puritan in the sense of this was not coined until the 1560s, when it appeared as a term of abuse for those who found the Elizabethan Religious Settlement of inadequate (Henretta pg 98). Puritanism has had a historical importance over time and most general views must make the way it changed character and emphasis almost decade by decade. Moreover the seventeenth-century Puritans contri just nowed to our countrys sense of mission, its work ethic, and its moral sensibility. Today, eight million Americans can trace their parentage to the fifteen to twenty thousand Puritans who migrated to New England (Mintz, S. 2007). This is a significant slice of todays population, so as you can already see these spate had a huge impact on the United States. There is more to the Puritans than just migrating and to burst understand Puritanism one needs to learn about their recital and where they came from.The designation Puritan is at many times not used correctly in the past this word was used to characterize the Protestant collection as extremists similar to the Cathari of France, which can also be traced back to 1564. In actuality Puritans were a grouping of English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries and were founded by some Marian exiles from shortly after the accession of Elizabeth I of England in 1559, as an activist movement within the Church of England. They were blocked from changing the system from within, but their views were taken by the emigration of congregations to the Netherlands... ...c reason. Puritans also believed heavily in education as we do today, not just as a way to better ourselves, but to better society as a whole. Works CitedArmstrong, Nancy, and Leonard Tennenhouse. The Imaginary P uritan Literature, Intellectual Labor, and the Origins of Personal Life. Berkeley U of California Press, 1992. Henretta, James A. and David Brody. America A Concise History, Volume I To 1877. 4th ed., Boston Bedford/ St. Martins, 2010.Mintz, S. (2007). Digital History. Retrieved April 20, 2011 from http//www.digitalhistory.uh.eduSusan Hardman Moore (1992). Review of Charles Lloyd Cohen Gods Caress. The psychology of Puritan religious experience The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 43, pp 515-515

Puritan Society Essay -- Religion

The modern use of the word puritan is commonly used to let on someone who may have hard line views on sex, discredits recreational activities, and continually tries to impose their beliefs on others they come into contact with. However the term puritan in the sense of this was not coined until the 1560s, when it appeared as a term of abuse for those who found the Elizabethan Religious Settlement of inadequate (Henretta pg 98). prudeism has had a historical immensity over time and most general views must understand the way it changed character and emphasis almost decade by decade. Moreover the seventeenth-century Puritans contributed to our countrys sense of mission, its consummation ethic, and its moral sensibility. Today, eight million Americans can trace their ancestry to the fifteen to twenty thousand Puritans who migrated to New England (Mintz, S. 2007). This is a significant slice of todays population, so as you can already see these people had a huge impact on the United St ates. There is more to the Puritans than just migrating and to infract understand Puritanism one needs to learn about their history and where they came from.The designation Puritan is at many times not used correctly in the past this word was used to characterize the Protestant group as extremists similar to the Cathari of France, which can also be traced back to 1564. In actuality Puritans were a class of English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries and were founded by some Marian exiles from shortly after the accession of Elizabeth I of England in 1559, as an activist safari within the Church of England. They were blocked from changing the system from within, but their views were taken by the emigration of congregations to the Netherlands... ...c reason. Puritans also believed heavily in education as we do today, not just as a way to better ourselves, but to better society as a whole. Works CitedArmstrong, Nancy, and Leonard Tennenhouse. The Imaginary Puritan Literature, understanding Labor, and the Origins of Personal Life. Berkeley U of California Press, 1992. Henretta, James A. and David Brody. America A Concise History, Volume I To 1877. 4th ed., Boston Bedford/ St. Martins, 2010.Mintz, S. (2007). Digital History. Retrieved April 20, 2011 from http//www.digitalhistory.uh.eduSusan Hardman Moore (1992). Review of Charles Lloyd Cohen Gods Caress. The psychology of Puritan religious experience The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 43, pp 515-515

Langston Hughes Impact on an Era Essay

Langston Hughes contributed a tremendous influence on blue culture throughout the united States during the sequence cognise as the Harlem Renaissance. He is usually considered to be one of the most prolific and most-recognized bootleg poets of the Harlem Renaissance. He broke through barriers that very few down in the mouth artists had through before this period. Hughes was presented with a great opportunity with the rise black art during the 1920s and by his creative style of poetry, which used black culture as its basis and still appealed to all ethnicities.Until the Harlem Renaissance, poetry and literature were dominated by color people and were all about white culture. However, during the 1920s, there was an explosion of black literature and, art poured from black artists and activists who represented black pride and individuality from the white dominance (The Harlem Renaissance, Washington Online). This movement was sparked in the minusculeer and upper Manhattan section s of pertly York City. Originally known as the current Negro Movement, it later became known as the Harlem Renaissance due to where it was birthed and seemed to be the area that it burned the most intense. unmatched of the reasons why there was a rise in black culture in the Harlem area is due to the great migration of blacks to Northern cities during the early 1920s. Racial discrimination, segregation, and motley tension were also contributing factors to the Harlem Renaissance. Blacks were tired of being part of white America and wanted to break supererogatory and express not only when black pride but, black culture as well. Langston Hughes emerged as one of the front men of the black movement of expression and art through the use of his poetic writing (Harlem Renaissance Online).Hughes wrote novels, plays, short stories, essays, and childrens books but, he focused most of his attention on poems. Most of Hughes better-known poems were written at the height of the Harlem Renais sance. Hughes was natural in Joplin, Missouri, where he was raised primarily by his mother (Howes and Slovey 56). In 1921 Hughes enrolled at Columbia University in New York City. While in New York, Hughes became more than intrigued with the rise of black culture in Harlem as opposed to his schoolwork. During the course of the next few years Hughes would make a name for himself with some of his noteworthyworks such as the poem The Negro Speaks of Rivers and his book The Weary Blues (Howes and Slovey 58). However, he first gained recognition from some of his poems that were put in an anthology called The New Negro. He gained praise from not only blacks but, also from white supporters of the Harlem Renaissance (Strickland 31). He had made his substance into the mainstream of great poets and was making an impact for not only himself but for the black federation with his creative poetic style (Wagner 386).How could one black creation stand above all the other emerging black artists as much as Langston Hughes did? Hughes wanted to speak for the black community which he was so immersed in. He wanted to do it in a way though that the readers, especially blacks, were able to relate on a personal level to his poems. He did this by use modern forms such as free verse where he did not have to follow a pattern or use rhymes. He sought to make his poetry easy to determine but at the same time portray black culture with both realism and dignity (Howes and Slovey 59).He also wrote in black mother tongue and used black culture such as hunch over to present his poems. He would not only use the freedom in his poems like jazz did but, he would also write to the rhythm and beat of jazz music which made it flow with a different style. He spoke of both the low times and the good times of the black community (Strickland 32). The style, the simplicity, and the culture that was presented in Hughes poems are what made him shine above other black artists. This is how one man wen t off on his own path and affected black literature as much as he did.Hughes affected the world of poetry during an era that was enriched with the rise black culture by using his own creative style. He drew not just the black communities praise but, the dominating white cultures as well. He has proven by his success to be one of the greatest influences during the Harlem Renaissance. He made a path for both the black community in general and the world of poetry on the whole.Works CitedHarlem Renaissance. MSN Encarta. 3 November 2004 .Howes, Kelly, and Christine Slovey, eds. Harlem Renaissance. San Francisco GaleGroup, 2001.Kovacs, Joe. The Harlem Renaissance, Washington, DC and the Rise of LangstonHughes. Literary Traveler. 3 November 2004 .Strickland, Michael. African-American Poets. Berkeley Heights Enslow Publishers,1996.Wagner, Jean. Black Poets of the United States from Paul Laurence Dunbar to LangstonHughes. Urbana U of Illinois P, 1973.

Theme of “Young Goodman Brown”

Theme of Young Goodman cook Young Goodman Brown was written by Nathaniel Hawthorn, one(a) of the most talented American novelists and boshtellers of the Romantic Age. He was affected deeply by Puritanism and Mysticism so that he formed a suspicious post towards the world, just like in Young Goodman Brown. This story is re totallyy curt but the content of the story is meaningful. Hawthorn has an allegory technique in fiction writing and shows a strong tendency toward symbolism. He uses the profound symbolism and delicate descriptions of the characters minds to convey the distinguished thematic meanings.The main idea end-to-end Hawthorns works is digging out the grievous hidden in human soul. As a result, the most prominent buttocks of this short story is that evil is the nature of mankind We see a man who began to doubt, with some reason, the veraciousness of his own family, which led him to doubt the goodness of all men, until he concluded that, Evil is the nature of mankin d, words uttered by the devil, who represents the low side of Browns nature (Thomas 336). Hawthorn describes the characters and plots to represent other things and symbolically express a deeper moral meaning.His words are so exquisite that every character, setting and plot results in crisp and sharp theme. The plot of the tone journey is the most important part to confirm the theme. This is not a journey, but it is the experience of searching and exploring the evil of human nature. Brown is a young, pure, and good person. After he marries Faith, he is tempted to join a devils party, and promises to his wife he will be back home in the archaeozoic morning. Faith tries to persuade him to stay, but he refuses. Brown looks at Faiths pink ribbon hat before he leaves.After Brown enters the woodwind instrument for a while, he is struggling and wanting back home. The reason is he does not want to hurt his wifeFaith. However, he hears Faiths articulate and sees the pink ribbon hat. He i s soon at the destination, he was astonished to find that he normally respected person also come to the party. The conquer is that Brown fines his wife there also. Hawthorn says that the experience might be a dream, but Brown feels agony and is suspicious of everyone around him, including his wife. Obviously, no subject area if the journey is real, the psychological impact to Brown is affirmative.Xianzhun Zhu thinks his experience leads him to realize that evil is indeed very widespread and existent in his world. The timberland journey seems to be not a real forest journey, but only an inward journey into the black, despairing depths of Browns soul. With the description of forest journey streng thuss the theme of the story that Evil is the nature of mankind (Zhu 60). These settings, including the time, place and environment factors in Young Goodman Brown, play a significant role in expressing the theme. First, the story happens at night and Brown backs to Salem village the next m orning.Brown sees the sin of human at night and feels desperate. On the contrary, nothing is changed after he backing to village next morning. The time of night and morning form a contrast, embodying the sin and good respectively. Also, there are many description of scene in the story especially for the dark of the night. However, these descriptions highlight the darkness and mysterious, such as dark night, big black snake, black pine, great wall of dense dark and dark human figure. They also gave a dark atmosphere of Browns future life and tragic ending. In addition, the story happened in a forest. The forest may equate with temptation and sin. Clearly Brown is uneasy about venturing upon this temptation. But as any sinner might think, he seems to say, just this once, and then So the forest itself is a complex symbol in which nature, sin, and danger are ambiguously and richly combined (Zhu 59). People always associate the mentioning of a dark forest with evil. Setting of forest sh ould the best choice to represent the theme. What is more, He had taken a dreary road, darkened by all the gloomiest trees of the forest, which scarcely stood aside to let the narrow path creep through, and closed immediately behind. Obviously, the dark and dreary road, narrow path and closed the way behind actor Brown is surrounded by evils and he cannot return any more. One of the features in Young Goodman Brown is that every character has symbolic meaning. This is an important foundation to express the theme. Goodman Brown, Faith and fellow-traveller are three main heroes in the story. The symbolic meaning of Goodman Brown and Faith is kind of the satire of human nature. The name Goodman is a commonplace honorific for persons, it means Goodman Brown is a person who is kindly and good.Hawthornes use of Young shows that Brown is vivid and optimistic. Also, his last name, Brown, is also a kind of color. It points just as the young mans affinities with the gloomy and dark forest wh ere most of the story takes place, the strange world outside the settled village (Zhu 58). Furthermore, Faith as Browns wife, represents religious faith and faith in mankind. It is symbolic of Browns faith that he piecemeal loses and he doubts more and more the existence of any goodness in man (Thomas 332).The character of Faith demonstrates the great painful inner struggling and confuses among the good and evil. As a result, Brown losses Faith and his faith at last. On the contract of the meaning of his name, Goodman Brown has a tragic ending. These cardinal settings satire that good is not human nature, but is evil. Finally, Fellow- traveller has symbolic meaning of devil and he tries to persuade Brown to turn to evil. Brown thinks he is the first person went into the woods on such an errand in his family. However, Hawthorne mentions that he looks like Browns develop and they are friends.It exposes that Browns father and grandfather also has an evil side. Browns family is mor e powerful to make Brown in despair. Overall, the character of fellow-traveller has more powerful demonstration of evil is the nature of mankind. In conclusion, Hawthorne is a writer with an outstanding skill on symbolic technique. His unique style makes his works more special and enhances readability. Young Goodman Brown is a simple story but yet is allegorical and symbolic, too. Hawthorne bases on the theme of morals exploring the evil of human nature.The symbolic meaning in all the characters and symbolism in the time and place the story happens makes a deeper moral theme, that evil is nature of mankind. He also describes the tragedy of human that has negative attitudes to infernal nature. Browns negative attitude leads him is gloomy in his whole life. Works Cited Zhu, Xian-chun. Allegory And Symbolism In Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown. US-China Foreign Language 6. 1 (2008) 58-60. Academic Search Complete. Web. 9 Nov. 2011. Walsh Jr. , Thomas F. The Bedeviling Of Young Goodman Brown. Modern Language Quarterly 19. 4 (1958) 331. Academic Search Complete. Web. 9 Nov. 2011

Management Competencies

commission Competencies Experience of a wellnesscare Manager background wellness care organisations in New Zealand today face similar challenges to those in other highly developed countries (1, 2). With growing aging populations and increasing weight of chronic illnesses the demand for publically funded health and disabilities military profits continues to grow significantly (1). This increase in need coupled with the advancements in technology has driven the be of providing publically funded healthcare services to unsustainable high take aims (1, 2). in the public eye(predicate) spending on healthcare has continued to rise at the rate of 6% per year over the ultimately decade with 21% of share of public spending being on health in 2010 (2, 3). In a background of the global economic crisis, dominion Health Boards (DHBs) who are charged with the provision of publically funded health and disability services are increasingly having to re-engineer their systems and services to provide value in financially constraint environments (2).While this at a systems level may mean taking a whole of systems approach with integrated service models (2), at the unit-specific services level it also includes focused attention on productivity, quality, waste reduction and safety. Key Competencies of the Service Manager watchfulness competence is an important determinant of healthcare organisational capital punishment (5). Competence is an individuals knowledge, skills and behaviours relevant to their practice and performance (6, 7).Evidence from the Management Matter Research Project indicates that higher draw awayment practice in hospitals is strongly correlated with hospitals quality of long-suffering care and productivity outcomes (8). It reported that improved care practice in hospitals were related to better clinical outcomes, increased patient satisfaction and better financial performance (8). The management role focused in this case is the service managing d irector, a middle management role responsible for(p) for the strategic development and deliverables of the health service.The role is also accountable for the operational budget and management of ply. This paper explores the experience of the service manager challenged with transforming the health service from a dysfunctional average performing unit to a high performing, progressive and highly respected and valued service. It discusses the competencies of effective management with some locution by the health service manager on the management approach utilised.Given the challenges of improving performance and maturation a highly functional aggroup, the service manager utilised the influential model of drawship style over the traditional reactive and transactional style as the predominant style of management (9, 10). This included pleasant the workforce in ontogeny a common vision for the service with clear objectives (11). In order to ensure the service goals were aligned wit h the organisational goals, an important sign of the service manager during this process was having a good understanding of the changing healthcare environment and the organisational priorities (11, 12, 13).Critical to achieving change and success was also his ability to work with staff to collectively determine and communicate the why, What, How, Who and When elements of managing change. Regular reinforcement of both the positive and negative implications of the situation as well as setting reciprocally agreed expectations were also important to achieving change (11). This transformational style of management was also instrumental in gaining confidence and trust of staff in order to manage the workforce culture issues of mistrust, low morale and dissatisfaction largely resultant from historical experiences.The evidence for efficacy of this style and the associated competencies has been demonstrated by 2 studies reporting that transformational leader behaviour has significant posit ive impact on employee satisfaction and psychological well-being (14, 15). Additional leader/manager behaviours required and demonstrated by the service manager were those that focused on individualised consideration including creating close working relationships which encourage mutual respect, empowering and including employees in decision making, creating opportunities for employee development through coaching and mentoring and team building (16).The benefits of these behaviours are evidenced in other leadership theories including behavioural (consideration behaviours) approach and leader-member exchange theory (11, 14, 17, 18, 19). Followership and early recognition of the relationship dynamics of a team are also key elements to effective management. Working closely with followers and those with team influential ability is useful when change is likely to be difficult or experience high levels of resistance (11).The use of a collective approach to resolving a problem and delegatin g the ownership of result creation to a staff member with high peer influential ability results in achievement of objectives. The ability of the service manager to move befittingly between directive and participatory type management styles was also important in certain situations (11, 19). This was particularly useful for implementing workplace behavioural expectations like promptitude and managing disrespectful behaviours.A key competency for healthcare manager effectiveness relevant to the management style illustrated above is emotional intelligence (EI) (20). Essentially, this competency recognises the importance of highly developed interpersonal skills and the ability to get along with others to be effective at influencing and negotiating (20). The key attributes of a manager with high EI include self-importance-awareness, self regulation, self motivation, social awareness and social skills (20). A summary of the key management competencies relevant to the management style des cribed here is illustrated by the matrix plat below (Figure 1) (12, 13).In summary, management styles in healthcare that are establish upon the principles of transformational and behavioural leadership and utilise the respective competencies are likely to be more successful. Furthermore, duration there are specific skills, behaviours and knowledge that describe the key competency domains, their use in practice is interrelated (see Figure 1) and often context-specific. pic References 1. The Global Health Policy Summit 2012. Report of the inaugural meeting 1 August 2012. Institute of Global Health Innovation. London Imperial College London (UK) 2012. https//workspace. imperial. ac. k/global-health-innovation/Public/GHPS_2012_Summit_Report. pdfs 2. Mays N. Reorienting the New Zealand healthcare system to meet the challenge of long term conditions in a fiscally constraint environment. Jan 2013 (revised version). Paper prepared for New Zealand exchequer Long-term Fiscal External Panel, November 2012, and Chair of Public Finance, Victoria University of Wellington and New Zealand Treasury conference, Affording our Future, Wellington, 10-11 December. http//www. victoria. ac. nz/sacl/about/cpf/publications/pdfs/Nick-Mays-Revised-Conference-Paper-Jan-2013-website-version. pdf 3. Ministry of Health.Health Expenditure trends in New Zealand 2000-2010. Aug 2012. http//www. health. govt. nz/publication/health-expenditure-trends-new-zealand-2000-2010 4. 5. pretty, D. Establishing Competencies for healthcare Managers. health care Executive. 2002 172(2) 66-67. (Cited by Shewchuk R M. OConnor S, Fine D. Building an Understanding of the Competencies Needed for Health Administration Practice. Journal of Health Care Management. 2005 50(1)32-47). 6. Filerman GL. Closing the management competence gap. Hum Resource Health. 2003 1 7. (Cited by Santric MM, Bjegovic-Mikanovic VM, Terzic-Supic ZJ, Vasic V.Competencies gap of management teams in primary health care. Euro J Pub Health. 2 010 21(2) 247-253). 7. Parry SB. Just what is a competency? And why should you care? Training. 1998 58-64. (Cited by Santric MM, Bjegovic-Mikanovic VM, Terzic-Supic ZJ, Vasic V. Competencies gap of management teams in primary health care. Euro J Pub Health. 2010 21(2) 247-253). 8. Dorgan S, Layton D, Bloom N, Homkes R, Sadu R, Van Reenen J. Management matters. Why good practice really matters. Healthcare Management Survey. McKinsey & Company. London School of Economics and Political Science. 2010 1-28. ttp//cep. lse. ac. uk/textonly/_new/research/productivity/management/PDF/Management_in_Healthcare_Report. pdf 9. Rubin RS, Munz DC, Bommer WH. Leading form at heart The effects of emotion recognition and personality on transformational leadership behaviour. Academy of Management Journal. 2005 48 845-858. (Cited in Yaker J, Donaldson-Fielder E. Management competencies for preventing and reducing reach at work. Identifying and developing the management behaviours necessary to implemen t the HSE management standards. Phase 2. 2007. http//www. hse. gov. uk/research/rrpdf/rr553. pdf ) 10.Bass BM.. Two decades of research and development in transformational leadership. European Journal of Work and organisational Psychology. 1999 8 9-32. (Cited in Yaker J, Donaldson-Fielder E. Management competencies for preventing and reducing stress at work. Identifying and developing the management behaviours necessary to implement the HSE management standards. Phase 2. 2007. http//www. hse. gov. uk/research/rrpdf/rr553. pdf ) 11. Banaszak-Holl J, Nembhard I, Taylor L, Bradley E . Leadership and Management A Framework for Action. Chapter 2. In Burns LB, Bradley EH, Weiner BJ (editors).Shortell and Kaluznys Health Care Management Organisation Design and Behaviour. New York Delmar Cenage 2012. p. 33-62. 12. Stefl M. Common competencies for all healthcare managers The Healthcare Leadership Alliance Model. J Healthcare Management. 2008 53(6) 360-73. 13. Anderson P, Pulich M. Managerial competencies necessary in todays dynamic health care environment. Health Care Manager. 2002 21(2) 111. 14. Sosik JJ, Godshalk VM.. Leadership styles, mentoring functions received, and job related stress A conceptual model and preliminary study. Journal of Organizational Behaviour. 000 21 365-390. (Cited in Yaker J, Donaldson-Fielder E. Management competencies for preventing and reducing stress at work. Identifying and developing the management behaviours necessary to implement the HSE management standards. Phase 2. 2007. http//www. hse. gov. uk/research/rrpdf/rr553. pdf ). 15. AlimoMetcalfe B, AlbanMetcalfe RJ. The development of a new transformational leadership questionnaire. The Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology. 2001 74 1-27. (Cited in Yaker J, Donaldson-Fielder E. Management competencies for preventing and reducing stress at work.Identifying and developing the management behaviours necessary to implement the HSE management standards. Phase 2. 2007. http//www. hse. gov. uk/research/rrpdf/rr553. pdf ). 16. Shewchuk RM, OConnor S, Fine D. Building an Understanding of the Competencies Needed for Health Administration Practice. Journal of Health Care Management. 2005 50(1)32-47. 17. Gerstner CR, Day DV. Meta-analytic review of leader-member exchange theory correlates and construct issues. Journal of employ Psychology. 1997 82 827-844. (Cited in Yaker J, Donaldson-Fielder E. Management competencies for preventing and reducing stress at work.Identifying and developing the management behaviours necessary to implement the HSE management standards. Phase 2. 2007. http//www. hse. gov. uk/research/rrpdf/rr553. pdf ). 18. Graen GB, UhlBien M. Relationship based approach to leadership Development of leader-member exchange theory of leadership over 25 years Applying a multi domain perspective. Leadership Quarterly. 1995 6 219-247. (Cited in Yaker J, Donaldson-Fielder E. Management competencies for preventing and reducing stress at work. Identifying a nd developing the management behaviours necessary to implement the HSE management standards.Phase 2 2007. http//www. hse. gov. uk/research/rrpdf/rr553. pdf). 19. Yaker J, Donaldson-Fielder E. Management competencies for preventing and reducing stress at work. Identifying and developing the management behaviours necessary to implement the HSE management standards. Phase 2. 2007. http//www. hse. gov. uk/research/rrpdf/rr553. pdf ) 20. Freshman B, Rubino L. Emotional Intelligence A core competency for health care administrators. Health Care Manager 2002 20(4) 1- 9. Figure 1 Key Management Competencies for a HealthCare Manager

Mobile Phones Should Be Prohibited in Public Places Essay

lively Phones Should Be Publicly Banned Less than ten years ago, only a few people ran around with a carrell phone as an essential body part. Now there is an estimated of 80 million people who admit and use wireless telephones, and 85 percent of these people use their phone while driving. However, these handy devices ar not just used in cars. They are ringing in the theaters, trains, and during Sunday mass. The phones sing the arrival of a meal and chirp while people seek rough quiet moments in the park. alert phones in public areas like restaurants, theaters, churches, and trains should be turned off for common courtesy and proper mannerism of surrounding individuals.Banning the use ofmobile phones in some public places is becoming more common, but enforcement is not so easy. A growing number of mobile-free zones have cropped up in recent years. These include theaters, libraries, museums, casinos, and unconstipated some train operators are now operating mobile-free carriages. Then there is the separate safety issue of people using hand-held phones in cars. several(prenominal) communities have banned the use of cell phones while driving. Neverthel Speak softly, in a conversational tone. Support for banning the use of mobile phones in plastered public venues confirms that many users and non-users alike feel that mobilephone usage can be irritating and they agree to see measures taken to limit intrusion.Mobile phones, granted need to be used periodi reverberatey for certain incidents and is a very useful commodity when traveling or for emergencies. Cell yell is alarmingly widespread, despite being technologically unnecessary. Ring tones, which are considered unpleasant or obtrusive, are frequently the main cause of dislike towards users of mobile telephones on trains. A mobile telephone also provides some comfort or assurance, in that it is always accessible for contacting the emergency services or for being contacted, should one be needed in an emergency . No Cell Phones signs are popping up all over. Ring tones, along with people talking loudly as if they were having a conversation with someone in the same room as them, are the causes of this noise.An obvious example is at the occurrence of a delay or the missing of a train or connection, because of which, one would have to contact any persons expecting one at the destination. It is rude to give the cell phone call precedence over people you are with. Excuse yourself when itcomes, and be brief. They might state it is against their Freedom of Speech Amendment and they have a right to say what they want, when they want. several(prenominal) tips for proper mobile phone etiquette are, turn off your phone or set it to vibrate in public. The technology may be modern, but cell phone etiquette is mainly good old-fashioned manners respect others.

The Age of Empire: American Imperialism at the Close of the 19th Century

Imperialism is a process by which countries attempt to extend their power into new spheres by leverage their military, economic, cultural, and political power over a nonher impart. The roots of imperialism contrive differed through the ages. Some countries have sought imperialism by conquest, pillaging and plundering another land for pure exploitative economic gain. Other countries have conducted imperialism by colonization, slowly infiltrating and eventual(prenominal)ly assuming control of another land over time by force.For much of European history after the renaissance, the European continent entered an Age of Imperialism that saw British, French, Spanish, Portugese, Dutch, and German enlargement across the far reaches of the globe. America, however, was a late addendum to the scramble for imperialist expansion. Not until the late 19th century did the fledgling North American power attempt to move beyond its borders in chase of bolstering the national interest.Over the course of several decades, however, America removed the shackles of isolationism and became an aggressive expansionist power primarily in Latin America and the Philippines. While this policy was not uniformly popular, it is important to understand because it drastically influenced and shaped American abroad policy for the 20th century. During the late 1800s, America engaged in overseas expansion in three main areas Spanish-America, the Philippines, and several Pacific islands. These campaigns were ideologically motivated by the philosophical underpinnings of the Monroe Doctrine.This foreign policy standard, developed by President crowd Monroe in 1823, stated that the Western cerebral hemisphere was distinctly the domain of the United States and that American exceptionalism would allow the United States to exclusively deal with affairs of the Western Hemisphere (Oklahoma College of Law, The Monroe Doctrine). This principle was the foundation of a series of events that eventually prompte d the United States to invade foreign sovereign nations. Racist thought also perpetuated public support for these imperialist invasions.The so-called White Mans Burden, which had justified so much inhumanity by European powers was also raised by proponents of American expansionism. This scheme held that because White men were civilized in contrast to their colored counterparts, it was the ethical duty of Europeans and European descendants to forcibly civilize the uneducated and inferior races of the world. united with the Monroe Doctrine, politicians combined with sensational journalists (often referred to as yellow journalists) to drum up support for American excursions abroad (American Library of Congress).The first major front in the eventual military expansionism that ensued was in Cuba and other parts of Spanish America. This campaign, known as the Spanish-American War, was Cuba. Here, Americans sympathetic to the plight of the Cubans, legitimized a show of force with the U. S. S. Maine, which was eventually sunk adjoining Havana, prompting an outcry for war. The war in Cuba raged on in the aftermath of that incident, with Congress issuing a declaration of war. Unlike Cuba, which was more of a encounter between two White powers, American imperialism in the Philippines developed into a far more systematic form of colonialism.American became an occupying power that asserted its dominance and utilise its customs and language on the native population. Indeed, during the course of the war, American brutality was substantial, with an estimated 200,000 Filipinos dying from the conflict, largely in the festering disease-ridden concentration camps. Additionally, many a(prenominal) Americans were reported to have carried out war crimes against the local populationshameful acts that were exposed and documented by the Lodge Committee report (Miller, 184).Similarly, America extended its reachwith many negative resultsin Guam, Samoa, Hawaii, and other Pacific isl ands. These particular conquests mark the height of American imperialist expansion at the close of the 19th century. Even though the Monroe Doctrine and the White Mans Burden theories garnered sufficient support from the public to carry out the imperialist campaigns popularly, dissent against the newfound expansionism did exist. The major obstructor of imperialist policies in America was the Anti-Imperialist League.This organization, which prided itself on its founding ideals of liberty and equality for all persons, regardless of race or geographic location, sought to end American imperialist expansionism. As they argued, Americas militarism against the defenseless indigenous populations was nothing more than criminal aggression (Modern History Sourcebook). The League had a substantial concussion on the national debate over imperialism, as it had cultural superstars like Mark Twain on its side.Nonetheless, however, even as the League successfully highlighted both(prenominal) of t he bankrupt practices of American expansionism, the campaigns were nonetheless carried out. The impact of American imperialism during the late 1890s reverberates still today. The Monroe Doctrine has now been replaced by a series of new foreign policy strategies, including the most recent addition of the Bush doctrine, which authorizes preemptive attacks anywhere in the world to ensure American security. Our occupation of Iraq currently has its roots and its bequest embedded in the deployment of troops under President McKinley.This fact highlights why early American imperialism is so important to understanding our current foreign policy it is a continuum rather than a series of isolated events. And now, just like then, anti-imperialist groups are being heard throughout the country. Only time will pick out how effectively they will be at steering our government from continuing the imperialist legacy started at the close of the 19th century. Works Cited Miller, Stuart C. Benevolent p reoccupation the American Conquest of the Philippines, 1899- 1903. New Haven Yale University Press, 1982.340 p Modern History Sourcebook. American Anti-Imperialist League, 1898. Available online from http//www. fordham. edu/halsall/mod/1899antiimp. html. Accessed 17 January 2009. The Monroe Doctrine. University of Oklahoma College of Law. Historical Documents. Available online at http//www. law. ou. edu/ushistory/monrodoc. shtml. Accessed 17 January 2009. The World of 1898 The Spanish American War. The Library of Congress, Hispanic Division. Available online from http//www. loc. gov/rr/hispanic/1898. Accessed 18 January 2009.

The Marble Champ

As I began reading the story The Marble Champ by Gary Soto, I realized that the main character, Lupe Medrano, often compares herself to others. As a result, she feels badly about her athletic abilities. She seems to think that shes only good at something in which she fag end win. Right at the start of the story, Lupes accomplishments are impressive. hardly all Lupe seems to notice is that she cannot run as fast as the other girls in school.Another example of Lupe comparing herself to others is when she describes her trouble with team sports. The text clear says that Lupe was no good at sports. Lupe seems embarrassed that she isnt the star player of the team. Lupe also feels badly that she only recently learned to ride a bike, could only walkway in a swimming pool, and rollerblade if her dad held her hand. This shows that Lupe is frustrated that she isnt the best at everything.As Lupe began to think about these things, she had the idea of learning to play marbles. She made the d ecision to teach herself to play and began feeling hopeful about being good at something which she can compete against others. This reminds me of myself when I am feeling out of radiation pattern in something. I compare myself to other people and feel insecure. But when I focus on my positive qualities, I find that I can do a good job. I hope Lupe keeps up her good attitude and feels proud of herself soon.

Google Strategic Analysis

Strategic inspect of Google Google Abstract Google was open uped by deuce Stanford PhD students, Larry sc scooplyywag and Sergey Brin, in 1998. The both recognized a need within the cyberspace att give the sacks attention for a see railway locomotive that would deliver consummate results. The dickens loose Google, Inc. as an online political party that provided a superior attempt railway locomotive, a platform for organicly targeted advertisements, and intranet solutions to earnings drug users a indulge the world. The fri curioly club dominateed the majority of its taxations by selling advertize space within the front results.Google employed an in advance(p) system for selling this space to companies companies would entirely throw away to pay Google for the advertizement space if a client thumbed on their advertisement. As Google became the approximately-use essay locomotive in the world collectible to its greater accuracy of producing germane( predicate) results, de n one(a) revenues ext dyingd at a phenomenal rate. Google faced competition from clean(prenominal)s in the net income try work sedulousness specifically AOL, MSN, and chawbacon.Each competitor recognized the importance of a quality chase engine to customers as well as the opportunity to gain advertisement revenues and was attempting to acquire an innovative look to engine that would top Googles. Competition from Microsoft was also a possibility. Microsoft indicated that they might attempt to add a seek engine to their invigorated operate system that was set for write out in 2006. While Microsoft was not an schematic player in the internet reckon table services industry, they had the skillful expertise and massive re fountains to reach a major competitive threat.The importance of the front engine to Googles competitors as a stand-al cardinal service was great still the addition of a face engine rivaling or bettering Googles would also realise customers to their separate services. Googles competitors offered many another(prenominal) services, in addition to their search services, such(prenominal) as e charge, online dating, and delusion sports mesh topologys and were successful in doing so. Googles success as a company hinged around masterlyly on the success of their search engine. Google, Inc. egan to diversify into other segments of the internet services industry in line of battle to fall the risk of having only whiz truly successful g hagglingth and to build up twain their customer base and customer loyalty. Google began to offer internet users the capability to search within a managing directory of 425,000 still images. Their gathering of images tied with hayseeds as internet users send-off choice for image-searches. Google also began offering a directory of 500 jillion discussion topics that dated back to 1981 called Google concourses.Customers, in addition to macrocosm able to hit the books discussion topics within Google Groups, could add postings to a novel-fashioned group. Also, in 2004, Google began offering its users entranceway to a compiling of 4,500 freshs sources depositd all every butt the world. Google then authentic a service that would capture prison cell phone and handheld device customers to use Googles search and other services on their piano tuner devices. In addition to these services and others, Google developed Google Catalog, a service that would allow users to search print mail order catalogs, and offered netmail accounts to select clients.In order to remain ahead of the competition and an industry attracter in providing internet services, Google had to now study some strategic decisions. To assure the future of the company, Googles concern team knew that they would prep ar to differentiate Googles growths from those offered by competing companies, such as hick, MSN, and AOL. Google could either come about to run the t ouchstones of services it offered (i. e. hold text messaging services, monolithic email accounts, and others), it could work to improve the services it offered across the mesa, or it could focus on improving its most successful foundation the Google search engine.Each cream had its merits and the company had plenty of resources to use in pursuing any of these trine (or other) strategies. The difficult issue was choosing the most appropriate scheme for the company. I. Current Situation A. Performance ? Most-used website in the world ? Possesses global brand half of internet users outside the coupled States ? High stratum of user loyalty and brand identity element ? Employs port for everywhere 88 languages ? Generally considered to possess the most accurate internet search engine ?Google ne bothrk is utilized by 80% of internet users used by 165 million plurality in the United States and United Kingdom per calendar month ? Googles 2008 revenues were $21,795,550,000, a 31. 34% enlarge since last course of study1 ? Googles 2007 revenues were $16,592,986,000, a 56. 47% increase all over 2006s revenues2 ? Googles cash transpose magnitude 42. 34% from $6,081,593,000 in 2007 to $8,656,672,0003 ? Googles debt to justness ratio was 10. 44% in 2007 and 11. 1% in 2008. chawbacons debt to honor ratio was 22. 05% in 2007 and 17. 81% in 2008. Microsofts debt to beauteousness ratio 50. 15% in 2007 and was 50. 7% in 20084 ? Googles current ratio was 8. 49 in 2007 and 8. 77 in 2008. Yahoos current ratio was 2. 41 in 2007 and 2. 78 in 2008. Microsofts current ratio was 1. 44 in 2007 and 1. 69 in 20085 ? Googles income from trading operations was 30. 64% of gross revenue revenues in 2007 and was 30. 43% of sales revenues in 2008. Yahoos operating income was 9. 98% of sales revenues in 2007 and 0. 18% of revenues in 2008. Microsofts operating income was 36. 23% of revenues in 2007 and 37. 19% of sales revenues in 20086 ? rescue on Assets (ROA) = 16. 6% in 2 007 and 13. 3% in 2008.Yahoos ROA = 5. 4% for 2007 and 3. 1% in 2008. Microsofts ROA = 19. 3% in 2007 and 19. 9% in 2008. 7 ? Return On Equity (ROE) = 18. 5% in 2007 and 15. 0% in 2008. Yahoos ROE was 7. 2% in 2007 and 4. 5% in 2008. Microsofts ROE was 38. 8% in 2007 and 57. 4% in 20088. B. Strategic Posture ? Mission Statement To organize the worlds discipline and touch it universally accessible and profitable. 9 ? Objectives ? Remain the industry-leading website in terms of internet traffic commercialise calculate sh atomic descend 18 ? Remain the industry leader in providing the most accurate search engines ?Capture market sh atomic number 18 in the online advertising market and become the industry leader in providing directed, online advertising services ? Reduce risk by increasing market sh ar in non-search internet services Google catalog, Google argument Solutions, Google parvenus, etc ? Begin licensing patented radiocommunication technology and intellectual shoes to other companies ? Further diversify company from competitors C. Corporate- take aim strategies ? Pursue a dodge of homocentric diversification by entering into other argonas of the internet services marketD. Business-level strategies ? Differentiate Googles mathematical products from those offered by competitors ? Competitive rather than cooperative E. Functional-level strategies ? Googles R dodging is to be a scientific leader ? Googles marketing strategy is to simultaneously pursue a market development strategy to gain market carry on for its search engine and pursue a product development strategy to increase the diversity of its product portfolio. In both sheaths, Google primarily uses a pull strategy to lure consumers to utilize its products.For example, Google uses Google Business Solutions to advertise the ways Google drop help various overseas telegrames finished the use of their products. This advertising results in stemmaes pulling Googles products through t he channels. ? Googles financial strategy includes maintaining a low debt to equity ratio. Their debt to equity ratio was only 11% in 2008, which is much lower than that of the competition ? Googles operations strategy includes increasing and maintaining global operations. They find offices and thousands of services in many different countries on some(prenominal)(prenominal) continents.This is more(prenominal) fully discussed in a later section. ? Human resources Googles HR strategy entails maintaining and move on developing an extremely diverse work force. Its strategy is also think on attracting employees with advanced technical skills and paying them well both monetarily and with many fringe benefits. This is more fully discussed in a later section. II. Corporate Governance A. Board of Directors10 ? Eric Schmidt has served as our Chief administrator military officer since July 2001 and as a component of our get on of directors since March 2001, where he served as pre sident of the Board from March 2001 to April 2004.In April 2004, Eric was named Chairman of the Executive Committee of our board of directors. forward to joining us, from April 1997 to November 2001, Eric served as Chairman of the board of directors of Novell, Inc. , a quick reckoner net on the job(p) company, and, from April 1997 to July 2001, as the Chief Executive Officer of Novell. Eric was a director of Siebel Systems until January 2006. Eric holds a Bachelor of knowledge point in galvanizing engineering from Princeton University and a Masters degree and Ph. D. in computing device science from the University of California at Berkeley. Sergey Brin, one of our founders, has served as a phallus of our board of directors since our inception in kinfolk 1998 and as our chairman of engineering since July 2001. From September 1998 to July 2001, Sergey served as our President and Chairman of the Board. Sergey holds a Masters degree in computer science from Stanford University a nd a Bachelor of Science degree with naughty honors in mathematics and computer science from the University of Maryland at College Park and is currently on leave from the Ph. D. course in computer science at Stanford University. Larry Page, one of our founders, has served as a segment of our board of directors since our inception in September 1998 and as our President of Products since July 2001. From September 1998 to July 2001, Larry served as our Chief Executive Officer and from September 1998 to July 2002 as our Chief Financial Officer. Larry holds a Masters degree in computer science from Stanford University and a Bachelor of Science degree with high honors in engineering, with a concentration in computer engineering, from the University of Michigan and is currently on leave from the Ph. D. program in computer science at Stanford University. ? L.John Doerr has served as a member of our board of directors since whitethorn 1999. John has been a General Partner of Kleiner Perk ins Caufield & Byers, a venture uppercase firm, since expansive 1980. John is also a director of Amazon. com, Inc. , an net income sell company, Homestore, Inc. , a provider of real estate media and technology solutions, Intuit, Inc. , a provider of business and financial management softw argon, and Sun Microsystems, Inc. , a supplier of net workings computing solutions. John holds a Masters of Business administration degree from Harvard Business School and a Masters of Science degree in galvanizing engineering and computer science nd a Bachelor of Science degree in electric caral engineering from Rice University. ? John L. Hennessy has served as a member of our board of directors since April 2004. Since September 2000, John has served as the President of Stanford University. From 1994 to August 2000, John held various postal services at Stanford, including Dean of the Stanford University School of Engineering and Chair of the Stanford University subdivision of Computer Sci ence. John has been a member of the board of directors of Cisco Systems, Inc. , a ne devilrking equipment company, since January 2002 and chairman of the board of directors of Atheros Communications, Inc. a wireless semiconductor company, since whitethorn 1998. John holds a Masters degree and Doctoral degree in computer science from the State University of New York, Stony Brook and a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering from Villanova University. ? Arthur D. Levinson has served as a member of our board of directors since April 2004. Since July 1995, Art has served as a member of the board of directors of Genentech, Inc. , a biotechnology company, and has served as its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer since September 1999. Prior to 1999, Art held various executive positions at Genentech, including of age(p) Vice President of R.Art has been a member of the board of directors of apple Computer, Inc. , a computer computer hardw atomic number 18 and softw be company , since 2000. Art was a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of Microbiology at the University of California, San Francisco. Art holds a Ph. D. in biochemistry from Princeton University and a Bachelor of Science degree in molecular biology from the University of Washington. ? Ann Mather has served as a member of our board of directors since November 2005. Since April 2004, Ann has been a director of Central European Media Enterprises Group and serves on its Audit and Compensation Committees.She served as a director of Shopping. com from May 2004 until it was acquired by eBay in 2005 and was Chair of the Audit Committee and a member of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee. From 1999 to 2004, Ann was Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Pixar. Prior to Pixar she was Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Village Roadshow Pictures. From 1993 to 1999 she held various executive positions at The Walt Disney Company, including Senior Vice P resident of Finance and Administration for its Buena Vista International Theatrical Division.Ann holds a Masters degree from Cambridge University. ? capital of Minnesota S. Otellini has served as a member of our board of directors since April 2004. Paul became the Chief Executive Officer and President of Intel Corporation, a semiconductor manufacturing company, in May 2005. Paul has been a member of the board of directors of Intel since 2002. He also served as Intels Chief Operating Officer from 2002 to May 2005. From 1974 to 2002, Paul held various positions at Intel, including Executive Vice President and General Manager of the Intel Architecture Group and Executive Vice President and General Manager of the Sales and Marketing Group.Paul holds a Masters degree from the University of California at Berkeley and a Bachelors degree in economics from the University of San Francisco. ? K. storm Shriram has served as a member of our board of directors since September 1998. Since January 2000, Ram has served as managing partner of Sherpalo, an angel venture investment company. Prior to that, from August 1998 to September 1999, Ram served as Vice President of Business failment at Amazon. com, Inc. , an Internet retail company. Prior to that, Ram served as President at Junglee Corporation, a provider of database technology, acquired by Amazon. om in 1998. Ram was an early member of the executive team at clear upscape Communications Corporation. Ram holds a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Madras, India. ? Shirley M. Tilghman has served as a member of our board of directors since October 2005. Since June 2001, Shirley has served as the President of Princeton University. From August 1986 to June 2001, she served as a Professor at Princeton University and from August 1988 to June 2001 as an Investigator at Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Shirley holds a Ph. D. n biochemistry from temple University and an Honorary Bachelor of Science degree in chemis try from Queens University. ? Three members are inside board members and seven are outside board members 2 are female ? Committees include audit, leadership development and compensation, nominating and unified governance, executive, acquisition, and real estate11 B. Top caution ? Eric Schmidt , Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer ? Larry Page , Co-Founder & President, Products ? Sergey Brin , Co-Founder & President, Technology Nikesh Arora , President, Global Sales operations and Business Development ? Laszlo Bock , Vice President, People Operations ? Shona Brown , Senior Vice President, Business Operations ? W. M. Coughran, Jr. , Senior Vice President, Engineering ? David C. Drummond , Senior Vice President, Corporate Development and Chief Legal Officer ? Alan Eustace , Senior Vice President, Engineering & look into ? Urs Holzle , Senior Vice President, Operations & Google Fellow ? Jeff Huber , Senior Vice President, Engineering Omid Kordestani , Senior Advisor, O ffice of the chief operating officer and Founders ? Patrick Pichette , Senior Vice President & Chief Financial Officer ? Jonathan Rosenberg , Senior Vice President, Product Management ? Rachel Whetstone , Vice President, Public Policy and Communications ? Susan Wojcicki , Vice President, Product Management III. External surround abbreviation (EFAS, see Exhibit 1) A. General environs12 1. Natural Environment ? Solar or geomagnetic storms in space could repose or damage Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites as well as guinea pig electric power outages on earth.In 1989, a geomagnetic storm caused a nine-hour power outage in Eastern Canada that abnormal millions of plurality13. The GPS satellites are used by Google to provide their Google Earth service. The power outages could affect internet traffic which would sicken Googles advertising revenues. The power outages whitethorn also prevent Google from offering services due to a lack of power to run their equipment. Another possibility is that Google whitethorn fox to use back-up power such as generators or purchase it temporarily at a higher rate from another source thereby increasing their operating costs (T) ?Climate change is expected to result in an increase in the intensity and the frequency of severe storms. Weather issues that are expected to increase in both intensity and frequency are windstorms such as tornados and hurri abidees, heat waves and droughts, storms with extreme rains or snow, and dust storms. Floods and landslides are expected to increase as well14. This could affect Google by ca development damage to the communications infra twist i. e. cable cuts which would cause the internet connections to become intermittent or nonexistent until the cable cut or colligate issue is repaired.In the case of wireless connections, wireless nodes analogous cell phone towers whitethorn be knocked over. Other communications items such as switching net ready life may be damaged by extreme weather as well15. The extreme weather could prevent Google from delivering services to customers and could damage other businesses and industries as well resulting in reduced revenues for Google and a slump in the overall economy (T) ? As mentioned above, storms with extreme winds are expected to increase which exit in all likelihood increase the tumultuousness of the ocean. 5% of cable cuts in subsurface cables are caused by ships fishing nets and 18% are caused by ships anchors. Extreme weather may increase the frequency of undersea cable cuts from ships resulting in internet disruptions16 (T) 2. Sociocultural Forces ? An estimated 577 million people worldwide access the internet using runny devices. The number of people accessing the internet via nimble phones is expected to increase to 1. 7 billion by 2013. By 2014, mobile internet users are expected to find up near 50% of all internet users (O)17 ?The pace of life is increasing for the fair(a) consumer. Due to advances in technology like the cell phone, wireless laptop computer and email each person with access to these technologies is pressured to complete more tasks. This increases reliance on the newest technologies to meet the demands of increasing expectations put upon consumers18 (O) ? Consumers are worried about identity theft and privacy especially how their information idler be accessed and used by other companies and individuals online. 19 (O) ?The average American respondent spend 19 hours per week surfing the internet20 (O) ? Email remains the most public online activity. This is even more true with users 64 familys and aged. 73% of teenage users reported using email more than anything else on the internet and 74% of internet users aged 64 and honest-to-god reported using email more than anything else on the internet21 (O) ? The largest increase in internet usage can be found within the 70-75 social class-old age group. Previously, 26% reported using the internet this number h as increased to 45%22 (O) ?Internet users aged 18-34 are the largest group of internet users who use the internet for entertainment purposes. For this group, entertainment includes watching videos, compete online games, engaging in virtual worlds, and downloading medical specialty23 (O) ? Internet users aged 12-34 are the largest group of users to read and write blogs and are also the largest group of users to shoot in social ne iirking via the computer24(O) 3. Technological ? Internet speed is increasing25 (O) ? Storage efficiency on the internet is increasing (O) ? Internet software capabilities are increasing (O) ?Consumers are expecting a greater level of personalization in their web searches, frequently-visited websites, and internet services than in prior courses26 (O) ? Emergence of a new technology called The Internet of Things. This technology is designed to run hardware appliances such as a refrigerator as optimally as possible. Also, it runs sensors within applianc es that can report back to the user via the internet. For example, in the case of a refrigerator, this technology would report what foods you are running low on and which foods may no longstanding be safe to eat27. e. g. , Google may wishing to examine providing an internet service designed to connect users with the hardware and software in use especially via mobile device. )(O) ? 66% of internet users report using search engines when making complex decisions. (O) ? Respondents in the survey listed in the bullet above report only 25% of searches produce needed results the premiere time. Of these same respondents, 30% report giving up on the search afterward failing to pay back the desired result28 (T) 4. Economic ? Period of American and global economic recession29 (T) ?Fed. Chairman has declared that Americas recession is likely over and expects moderate increment for the succeeding(prenominal) ii courses. 30 Around half of Googles users are in the United States (see abov e). (O) ? An end to the recession in the European Union is expected during the third quarter of this family31. Around half of Googles users are outside the United States (O) ? Federal lodge in rates are between 0-0. 25%, making capital more cheap for advertising customers and for Google32 (O) ? Real GDP is expected to be -2. 6 this year but is expected to increase to 2. in the end of next year33 (O) ? Consumer spending is expected to increase from -0. 9 this year to 1. 1 next year34 (O) 5. Political Legal ? Internet crimes (a component of these is copyright infringement), in one year, are estimated to have resulted in losses of $240 million dollars as opposed to an estimated loss of $198 million dollars as a result of these crimes in the previous year. The increased amount of these crimes is likely to result in increasingly stringent regulations regarding crimes including intellectual property- think crimes perpetrated over the internet.The impact to Google is this Google stor es images and written works in their directory exposing them to potential future legal liability for intellectual property cogitate to violations. Google has already been sued for this Google was forced to remove 100,000 clips of copyrighted material from YouTube and p concern out $90 million dollars to one party for a related issue35 (T) ? Character defamation by anonymous bloggers has resulted in taps forcing companies like Google to reveal the identity of the anonymous blogger to the courts36 (T). India is issuing subpoenas (or their equivalent) to platform companies like Google, Yahoo, and Microsoft for content displayed on their platforms. The companies have court cases pending against them for content displayed on their sites including copyright infringement, character defamation, hate messages, and gender selection advertisements37 (T) B. Task Environment 1. Threat of New Entrants ? Threat of new entrants is medium ? Switching costs are virtually non-existent customers c an use search engines for lighten and can use them apart from other services offered by the company furnishing the search engine.Customers get out likely try another search engine if the results they require cannot be obtained quickly and easily from the engine they are using. Googles advertising customers are not required to sign a long-term contract nor do they have to make a sizable investment up-front in order to place an ad with Google. Advertisers pay Google for space on their search engine results pageboys only when customers click on their ads and can therefore switch to another company without large sunk costs. ? Barriers to entry do exist, however, due to the amount of computer equipment necessary to be competitive with the likes of Google and Yahoo.Also, the large competitors within this arena have legions strategically position all over the world. This may be difficult for a new company to this industry to replicate in a fashion that would make them competitive. Al so, the large companies in this industry have capacious amounts of information about their customers and online advertisers that would be difficult for a new entrant to amass. 38 2. Rivalry Among Competitors ? Rivalry among competitors is high ? Googles competitors (at this time) are all larger companies with large amounts of resources ?Googles competitors offer other internet services as well as search services. The search engine attracts customers to their other services (for example, dating services, email, and fantasy sports league platforms) which raises the importance of possessing a superior search engine past its importance of a complete service for Googles competition ? Competition with Microsoft is expected to increase. Microsoft is attempting to integrate a search engine into its operating system and other products 39 ? Google considers Microsoft and Yahoo their greatest competition.These companies have greater cash resources and ability to make acquisitions, a longer operating history, and more established customer and end user relationships. They also operate internet portals and offer more products and services than Google does. In the case of Microsoft, they also have more employees 40 ? Googles market share in the U. S. internet search market is 31% Yahoos market share is 26% and MSNs is 20%. This is very close. ? The industry is attractive and margins are high. Googles success has increased the intensity of competition since these other companies want to share in the financial success ?Microsoft is working to develop a search engine to rival Googles. This may be in lieu of the MSN search engine mentioned above41. This will definitely increase competition dramatically (in the short run at to the lowest degree(prenominal)) as Microsoft throws its resources in promoting their new product and attempting to steal market share from Google. Microsoft has a longer history of marketing than Google does, which may increase rivalry. 3. Bargaining p ower of Suppliers ? Bargaining power among suppliers is low ? Google, as an internet- ground service firm, requires few in the raw materials from outside sources.The supplies required, with the exception of electricity, are available from multiple sources ? Potential employees have some power over Google due to the short supply of qualified applicants. According to Googles CEO, Google was having problems finding applicants that were either not technically proficient enough to complete the task at hand or of insufficient quality. 4. Bargaining Power of Buyers ? Bargaining power among buyers is medium ? Google has 31% of the internet search traffic market share, compared to 26% for Yahoo and 20% for MSN.This strengthens Googles position with buyers since Google is the industry leader and is therefore more attractive than competitors to advertisers who would like to place ads on search engine results pages ? No buyer of Googles services is responsible for larger than 3% of Googles re venues. Because Googles buyers are fragmented and none are responsible for a large amount of revenues, Googles buyers do not have much power over Google42 5. Threat of Substitutes ? Threat of backups is high ? Although there arent any true utility(a)s for a search engine, there are different ways to organize information.In this case, a different method of searching might produce a substitute to the current method that may produce better results ? Yahoo, MSN, AOL, and Microsoft are working to develop search engines that will either equal or exceed the functionality of Googles search engine and have the resources to allocate to a massive research and development effort. Time will tell whether they are, in fact, viewed as a substitute by search users. ? Googles search-engine customers value accuracy of search results. Googles competitors already offer search engines. Googles competitors may be able to create a comparable search engine over time . Bargaining Power of Other Stakeh seni or(a)s ? Bargaining power of other stakeh olders is medium ? Special interest groups, like the American Association of Publishers and the Authors Guild, have sued Google and won for copyright infringement for content used by Google on their Google Print and Google Books applications. These groups and other groups are constantly monitoring Googles actions for incidents of actual or sensed copyright infringement on their applications. 43 ? Google has been forced, as a result of a lawsuit, to reveal the identity of a blogger who wrote offensive comments about a Canadian influence.Google may be required to release the identity of other users upon request in the future because of this precedent which may reduce their customer base. 44This example is meant to illustrate that individuals, as well as organized groups, may have the power to influence Googles business operations ? Googles employees have little power to exert when negotiating with Google. Labor within Google is not organized 45 IV. Internal Environment Analysis (IFAS, see Exhibit 2) A. Corporate Structure (See Exhibit 3 for organization chart) ? Googles corporate structure is primarily functional. 46 ? Google is at sea down into v functions Engineering, Sales, Products, Marketing, Legal, and Finance ? Underneath the overarching functional structure, Google is further broken down into product markets or geographical areas, which technically makes Googles structure a hybrid of functional, geographic, and product structures. ? Each product market or geographical area element under the functional areas is hard-boiled as a small business unit. The small business unit element of Googles structure provides flexibility. B. Corporate Culture ? Corporate glossiness values launching and ambidexterity.Employees (including corporate level managers) are further to devote 70% of their time on marrow squash business activities, 20% of their time to core-business related projects, and 10% of their time to unrelat ed new business activities. According to Marissa Mayer (see top management section for job title), virtually half of Googles new products are a direct result of actions taken by employees during their free time (S)47 ? Culture seems to have high degree of intensity and integration ? Culture values include an obsessive commitment to creating search perfection and having a great time doing it (S)48 ?Other priorities for Google members are innovation and keeping costs low ? Google values ability over welcome and encourages everyone to share ideas. Also, Google created an informal aureole where anyone can ask the CEO or top management a question and be answered. 49 (S) ? Googles corporate culture puts violence on not exploiting the user of their products. 50 ? Being quirky and having fun are also empha size of itd. Googles work area has foosball tables, ping pong tables, volleyball nets, and several other games present (S)51 C.Corporate Resources 1. Marketing ? Google promotes adver tising packages through Google Business Solutions. Information is available to prospective clients on how Google can improve clients profitability through their advertising packages (S) ? Services Googles advertising customers often see Googles service team as arrogant and find it time consuming and difficult to do business with Google because Google often switches the team assigned to handling the clients business before the clients advertising submission is complete (W) ?Google is indorse to Yahoo in being able to final examinationize agreements with advertisers (W) ? Television advertising is currently not being utilized by Google. In comparison, Microsoft is showing Television advertisements for their products. TV advertisements may reach a skilful portion of the older audience and inform non-tech-savvy about their products and services52 (W) ? Google doesnt advertise on their home page which is attractive to search customers (S) ? Extremely unattackable brand. Google has b een added to the Oxford dictionary as a verb (S) ?Average sales per click per month were a little under 54. 5. However, Yahoos average sales per click were only 53 during the same month. Yahoo is currently Googles biggest competitor53 (S) ? Adwords system employed by Google to deliver advertisements is easy for advertisers. Googles system is also easy for advertising customers to use for changing the advertisement shown on Googles results pages. (S) ? Product Googles search engine is most accurate in the world (O) 2. Finance ? Googles revenues in 2004 were $3,189,223,000.This is 117. 56% greater than their revenues in 2003, which are $1,465,934,000 (S) ? Googles cash dimension in 2004 was $426,873,000 186. 5% greater than their cash balance of $148,995,000 in 2003 (S) ? Googles profit margin was 12. 52% in 2004. Yahoos, in 2004 was 23. 49. 54Microsofts profit margin was 22. 1755(W) ? Googles quick ratio (acid test) was 7. 1856 in 2004. Yahoos quick ratio in 2004 was 3. 38. Micros ofts quick ratio in 2004 was 4. 44(S) ? Googles Return on Assets (ROA)57 was 21. 05% in 2004.Yahoos ROA in 2004 was 11. 83% and Microsofts ROA in 2004 was 9. 38%(S) ? Googles Return on Equity (ROE)58 was 25. 97% in 2004, as compared to Yahoos ROE in 2004 of 14. 65% and Microsofts ROE in 2004 of 11. 69%(S) ? Googles debt to equity ratio was 13. 12% in 2004. Yahoos was 29. 24% in 2004 and Microsofts was 23. 47% in 200459(S) ? Net income was positive in 2002-2004. Net income was $399,119,000 in 2004 an increase of 277. 79% over 2003s net income of $105,648 (S) 3. Research and Development ? In 2004, Google spent 7. 7% of sales revenues on R&D. This is very low for a tech firm (W) ? R&D is one of Googles strengths. They have more market share in the search engine market because of the creation of their innovative search engine (S) ? Research and Development efforts have led to the creation of the most-used search engine in the world. Another notable innovation that relates to this is the ir creation of a learning search engine. The more a customer uses their search engine, the more it learns and responds to the users individual preferences.Due to Google having the largest market share, their engine can learn faster than those offered by the competition which reduces its imitability60. (S) ? Google owns 13 registered trademarks and 7 unregistered trademarks as a result of R and D efforts61(S) 4. Operations and Logistics ? One of Googles biggest strengths is getting a large volume of users to their websites which makes them very attractive to advertisers (S)62 ? Google has servers and locations all over the world to improve distribution of services63 (S) ?Google has the ability to generate their information into over 88 different languages. This improves operations and logistics control when activities are taking place in a non-English- speaking country (S) ? Googles Adwords system is self-managing meaning that an advertising customer can change their campaign as the ir budget changes. This results in quick, efficient adjustments (S) 5. Human Resources Management ? Google employed 2,700 employees in 2005 900 were techies ? Employees receive many fringe benefits in an effort to make them feel they are a priority.This strengthens corporate culture to a degree. Google has been listed as the top company to work for for two years in a row by Fortune Magazine. Employees have access to free high-end on-site dining facilities, snack stations, gyms, laundry rooms, barbers, corrade rooms, dry cleaning, and several other employee fringe benefits64 (S) ? Googles CEO, Eric Schmidt, stated that the company was having problems recruiting employees who were both of acceptable lineament and technically proficient (W) ? Google maintains a diverse workforce and hires locals to work in its geographically dispersed locations (S) ?Google has a long hiring process that takes several months to complete. This would be a strength, except the company reported having prob lems finding people that were both quality employees and technically proficient (W) ? Employees are skilled at multitasking. For example, the individual who created Googles pass logo also was responsible for translating Googles website into Hangul (Korean language) (S) ? Googles technical employees work 70% of the time on regular business, 20% of the time on new but related business, and 10% of their time on completely new and unrelated projects.This makes Google more adaptable and builds ambidexterity into the organization (S) 6. Information System (IS) ? Google utilizes a system called Live Out Loud to promote communication between employees, to create a searchable database of related projects employees are working on to promote economies of scope and transfer of knowledge, and as a control system. How it works Google employees weekly send an email to a central source concerning the specifics of the project they are working on and their progress.Google has used the same search en gine it employs on its website Google. com to search through the emails to find the relevant ones. Managers exactly have to search, using the Google search engine, for the employees progress they wish to evaluate. The system is user-friendly for both the employees and managers and it is simple. An employee working on a project can search the system for other relevant projects and obtain useful information they can incorporate when completing their specific task65. S) ? Google uses a triple redundancy system to jibe errors dont disrupt the flow of timely information. If one computer doesnt respond to an employees request for information within a few milliseconds, two others provide the information to the employee. All information is stored in three places. This makes their system very reliable and efficient in delivering timely information (S)66 ? Google uses a database system called BigTable as part of their management information system.Due to the volume of information Google mol diness manage, Google has developed this software to break apart large files that are too big for any one server into smaller pieces so they can be stored on multiple servers. This ensures that capacity is available for their information67 (S) ? Many of Googles basic activities are automated (S) V. Strategic Alternatives and Selected Strategy A. Growth Strategies 1. Enter market providing legal practice of medicine and video downloading services (S&O) a. Pros ? Google has the intellectual capital to successfully develop the software to provide this service.Google has already turn up that they can provide the search capabilities to link users with their desired airs or videos their search engine is the most accurate in the world and the touristedity of their product YouTube suggests they possess the capabilities to develop a desirable music/video downloading service ? With a large cash balance and the capabilities to obtain financing due to an extremely low debt to equity ratio, Google definitely possesses the financial resources to develop these services and bring them to market ?By providing different but related services, Google will be cut their diversifiable risk, if you will, by increasing their product portfolio from one successful revenue generating product to several ? There is a large market for these services already in place this market is likely to grow as digital media becomes more prevalent in society and antiquated technologies such as tapes, CDs, and records further decline ? Googles brand strength would be beneficial in this market since the music and movie downloading industry is related to Googles area of expertise (i. . it is equivalent to an industry leader in the manufacture of small power tools diversifying into producing concrete mixers and pumps, rather than the power tool company diversifying into diapers and other baby products. A DeWalt brand logo on a pair of diapers likely wont transmit the same message of quality and expert ise that it would on another lawsuit of tool) b. Cons ? Apple iTunes owns 82% of legal music downloading market. 68 Competing with a company that owns this much of the market share and has more experience in this industry will be very difficult ?Increases the probability of copyright infringement lawsuits ? Shifts emphasis away from Googles core product the search engine. If the search engine is imitated or surpassed by a better product before Google establishes a dominant position and greater profits and revenues from its new endeavor, Google may lose a large part of its almost sole source of revenues ? Regulation and trends concerning royalties paid to operatives and music production companies may reduce the profitability of this industry ?Illegal downloading may increase thereby reducing the size of the legal downloading market ? Requires maintaining existing advertising business model and creating and maintaining a new switchboard model (connecting multiple buying downloaders with multiple selling digital music and video suppliers 2. Develop new search engine designed for seniors markets Google opulent Life. New search engine has an option for adjusting the size of the font used on the search pages based on the capabilities of the users vision and allows seniors to type in a question instead of just recognise words.In addition, it will contain a function that completes words for the typist if he or she so chooses (like an internet browser address box does) concentric diversification (S&O) a. Pros ? First mover advantage could be gained by focusing on this market segment. Seniors have been ignored for the most part in the development of online products and services. No company currently caters to the needs of older internet users ? Seniors represent the largest growing demographic of internet users and represent a large segment of all societies ?The baby boomers are aging and will want/demand products focused on their needs presently ? Google poss esses the financial resources to make this happen ? Google also possesses the brand strength and awareness to appeal to older users older individuals tend to like larger, stable, established, well-known companies as opposed to small, new, relatively unknown startups ? Creating products geared toward older users may increase their interest in Googles existing products ?Utilizes existing advertising business model to obtain revenues from pay-as-you-click advertisements b. Cons ? Todays older internet users wants and needs are poorly understand by the online industry this makes developing products/services focused at them a risky undertaking in the short-term. Younger baby boomers are familiar with current computer software but current seniors are less familiar and use computers more infrequently and for less activities (i. e. they may email but not shop extensively online) ?Once Google enters this market and proves the market is attractive, competition will increase and profits will likely go down as the market matures ? The idea of marketing online products and services geared toward older users is a newer one but an imitable one other companies may have a greater perceptiveness of the older consumer than Google since it has focused on products/services for a primarily younger audience with different needs. This pith that other companies may prove to be more successful with this market segment than Google because of a greater knowledge of the older consumer ?Older users may only be interested in emailing and may have little interest in clicking on advertisements thereby lowering the desirability of placing advertisements on Googles new products ? May be hard to reach market segment to inform them of new product 3. Develop Social Networking System Google Linkage concentric diversification (S&O) a. Pros ? Facebook and MySpace are both very popular. Today, internet users 12-34 are largest demographic to engage in social networking.As this age group ages, they will likely continue to use social networking sites and younger individuals entering this age group will likely also engage in social networking via the computer growth in the social networking industry is virtually assured. Why the growth in this industry is important for Google advertising revenues will likely increase as ads are placed on social networking pages ? attains the potential for another profitable advertising platform reduces the reliance on advertising revenues created from one product the search engine ?May increase interest in Googles other products (i. e. a social networker uses Google Images to send a picture of a desert rose to another nurseryman via Googles networking service) ? Could compliment Googles existing mission of organizing the worlds information with a new addition to the mission Organizing the worlds information and people to make it and them universally accessible. ? Googles strong brand and reputation will likely spark interest from social ne tworkers in Googles new networking platform ?Google has the financial resources to create and advertise a social networking site either alone or through a joint venture ? Utilizes existing advertising business model to obtain revenues from advertisers through Googles AdWords and AdSense ? Likely inexpensive to maintain once it is rolled out b. Cons ? Social networking market may be saturated. Customers may have all their needs met through Facebook and Myspace. These companies already dominate the industry and have more knowledge and experience in this market ? Google may not be able to provide any new innovations in social networking ?Doesnt utilize their distinctive search cleverness ? May not prove profitable after a cost/benefit analysis is conducted since advertisements will be less focused on self-identified market segments. For example, if one conducts an internet search for Echeveria Subrigida seeds a succulent plant advertisements related to plants may be of interest to t he searcher beetle. However, an ad related to purchasing succulent plants online may not be of much interest to the random individual attempting to contact another individual whose interests and needs are also unknown ?Requires a different set of competencies than Google already possesses. Email is the most basic social networking method and Google did not perform well in creating a popular email system 4. Create open source network for the development of applications for mobile devices Google Architects concentric diversification (S & O) a. Pros ? Market is supposed to almost triple in size in the next five years ? Google already has knowledge of how to make internet applications compatible with mobile devices i. e. connecting Google search engine to mobile devices ?It is forecasted that half of internet users will be mobile internet users ? Google has the financial resources to undertake both the product development and advertising ? Google has experience and ability when it c omes to developing internet apps. ? Could be set up to accommodate Googles existing business model obtain advertising revenues through offering free products ? Takes advantage of innovative technical staff b. Cons ? unbendable competition Apple already has a large market share for mobile applications that are used on the iPhone and others.Microsoft, as operating systems become more commoditized, will likely enter the mobile internet applications market ? May not generate much revenue if customers have a finite number of minutes on their mobile plan. Customers in this situation are not likely to engage in gratuitous searching for curiositys sake. ? While Google has proven adept at creating applications, their distinctive competency resides in search engine excellence. Developing apps for mobile users requires a different skill set and core competency.Google may not be able to gain competitive advantage in this market since generating applications may not be one their distinctive c ompetencies 5. Create a search service designed to locate music in a superior manner Google Music. The search system would allow a user to enter in any part of a song, a band name, a song name, or a CD name and the search will provide results that include not only what the searcher is specifically spirit for, but also links to the bands website, links to listening to or downloading a finicky song or multiple songs from the artist, and links to other related sites (i. . sites that offer guitar tablature for the artist or song mentioned in the search) a. Pros ? Will attract more users to the Google search engine, which increases the desirability of advertising on Googles web pages ? Google music will increase brand loyalty and strength as it meets more of Googles customers needs ? Will strengthen the desirability of the search engine for existing customers ? Will capitalise on Googles distinctive competency of creating a search engine that produces more accurate results than othe r search engines offered by competitors ?Will address the needs of the large segment of internet users that use the internet for obtaining and enjoying music ? May provide an additional source of revenues from bands that would like to advertise their products on Google Musics results pages b. Cons ? Users can already find all of these items using the traditional Google search engine ? Will likely add little to Googles revenue stream ? Doesnt address the problem of Google only possessing one profitable product ? Doesnt truly meet the needs of internet music users since it doesnt allow users to download music directly from Google ?Most of the results will likely be advertisements. Users may not want to search through advertisements B. Stability Strategies 1. Pause/Proceed with Caution Use resources to improve existing search engine until threat from Microsofts new search engine can be jibed and countered. whence grow (S & T) a. Pros ? 99% of revenues are generated from ads placed o n search engine pages Google already dominates market for search services this essential be protected in the short term to protect the sustainability of Google as a company ?Google is currently doing well and doesnt need to grow to stay in business in the short term ? Financial resources may be needed to counter Microsofts efforts to gain position in the search market ? Reinforces Googles distinctive competencies ? Also allows for the economy to improve before expanding advertisers may need to rest as well before further investing in ads in non-search related areas b. Cons ? Market dominance in the mobile applications market is being determined now. The opportunity to be the first to focus products toward seniors is open right now.The other opportunities presented above also are available now but may not be in the future ? Doesnt address the problem and risk of having only one major income-producing product ? Google has the financial resources and ability to obtain further resour ces if necessary there are no critical evidences not to grow ? Is only a short-term fix and may cause growth to be put off too long C. Retrenchment Strategies Google, at this time, has no reason to retrench and should therefore stay away from adopting a retrenchment strategy.It is in good financial condition, its products are still desirable, and it has little to no chance of failing in the short term. D. Adopted strategy Concentric diversification into mobile applications (Google Architect), music search services (Google Music), and products focused on older internet users (Google Golden Life), combined with investment in maintaining the superiority of the search engine. ? Rationale both diversifying into mobile applications and products focused on older users deals with seizing opportunities by using organisational strengths (R&D, financial resources ,etc).Both areas represent growing markets and several opportunities to fill emerging or existing needs. Older users are the lar gest growing segment of internet users and mobile users are expected almost triple in the next five years to finally make up almost half of all internet users. Both allow focused advertising based on known customer needs and interests (the type of application utilized points out the interest i. e. a customer uses an app to learn a new guitar chord obviously the user has an interest in the guitar. Also, advertising can be focused on the users of the open forum.Both hardware and software tech companies can advertise on the forum. Elderly people have several universal needs and likely popular interests) and the use of the existing business model. By developing Google Music, Google will further strengthen their best product the search engine as well as utilize their distinctive competencies in search engine creation. This strategy diversifies the risk of having one profitable product, which eliminates a major organizational weakness, and is financially feasible attached existing res ources.The strategy doesnt face a major threat of being derailed due to organizational weaknesses and outside threats dont directly threaten the diversification efforts. Google would face virtually no competition by entering the market to deliver online products and services to older users and has the rare opportunity to obtain first mover advantage on a large scale (there are numerous elderly people in the world). Diversifying into these areas has a higher probability of success and is less risky than entering the social networking and downloading markets. incomplete of these two areas of diversification would require major shifts in technological knowledge and would utilize the intellectual capital present in Googles existing staff. This strategy does require an allocation of financial resources toward maintaining the superiority of the search engine because Google essential rely on it for success in the short term and will aid in Googles success over the long term. It represents their distinctive competencies and mustiness(prenominal) be protected at all costs.Adding capital and effort to improving the search engine would not be mutually exclusive with the diversification strategy since Google possesses a large cash balance and a low debt ratio. Given Googles situation, both parts the concentric diversification and the concentration on the search engine should be focused on simultaneously. ? This corporate strategy requires a business level strategy of differentiation and functional level strategies of technology pioneer/leader in R&D and a product development strategy within Marketing E.Implementation 1. Product One (Google Golden Life -search engine designed for seniors markets. New search engine has an option for adjusting the size of the font used on the search pages based on the capabilities of the users vision and allows seniors to type in a question instead of just key words. In addition, it will contain a function that completes words for the ty pist if he or she so chooses (like an internet browser address box does) ? Product R&D should be allocated 2% of 2004 sales revenues for two years ($63,784,460/year) ?organisational members must be chosen to head the new program and participate on R&D teams ? necessitate new activities must be evaluated for conflict with existing operating activities. ? At least two deadlines must be given to the teams the first, a working of import version of the product must be created by the end of the projects first year of existence. Second, a final product that is ready for use on the internet must be in place at the end of a year and a half. After the beta version is released, a team should be given a $1 million budget to obtain and forward on suggestions provided by older users on how to fit the program to their needs. Duration of team 1 year. ? ROI after year two must be 6% or more and must be at least 10% by the end of year 5 ? Market share (of the existing older internet users) must be 5% at the end of year two and 20% or over after year 5 ? An updated version must be made available by the end of year two ? A flexible budget must be created for year one and year two.Pro forma income statements and balance sheets should be created for at least year two and five ? New product must make up at least 2% of follow revenues by year two and at least 5% by the end of year five. ? gravel to intranet databases must be given to staff working on both diversification products so that a. The wheel isnt reinvented and, b. Learning can be transferred passim the organization if relevant pieces of information are discovered during the creation of the new products ?Product must be available in at least three languages by the end of year 2 and 15 languages by the end of year 5 ? Economic value added should be positive at the end of year three 2. Product 2 (Google Architect open source network for the development of applications for mobile devices) ? Product R&D should be allocated 1% of 2004 sales revenues for 2 years ($31,892,230/yr) ? Organizational members must be chosen to head the new program and participate on R&D teams ? Required new activities must be evaluated for conflict with existing operating activities. At least two deadlines must be given to the teams the first, a working beta version of the product must be created by the end of the projects first year of existence. Second, a complete product must be in place at the end of a year and a half ? ROI after year two must be 7% or more and must be at least 10% by the end of year 5 ? A flexible budget must be created for year one and year two. Pro forma income statements and balance sheets should be created for at least year two and five ? New product must make up at least 3% of total revenues by year two and at least 6% by the end of year five. Access to intranet databases must be given to staff working on both diversification products so that cross pollination of ideas between projects can occur ? Product must be available in at least five languages by the end of year 2 and 20 languages by the end of year 5 ? After the beta version is released, a team should be given a $1 million budget to obtain and forward on suggestions provided by older users on how to fit the program to their needs. Duration of team 1 year. ? Economic value added should be positive after year three 3.Product 3 (Google Music The search system would allow a user to enter in any part of a song, a band name, a song name, or a CD name and the search will provide results that include not only what the searcher is specifically looking for, but also links to the bands website, links to listening to or downloading a particular song or multiple songs from the artist, and links to other related sites (i. e. sites that offer guitar tablature for the artist or song mentioned in the search) ? Product R&D should be allocated 1% of 2004 sales revenues for 2 years ($31,892,230/yr) ?Organizational members must be chosen to head the new program and participate on R&D teams ? Required new activities must be evaluated for conflict with existing operating activities. ? At least two deadlines must be given to the teams the first, a working beta version of the product must be created by the end of the projects first year of existence. Second, a complete product must be in place at the end of a year and a half ? ROI after year two must be 7% or more and must be at least 10% by the end of year 5 ?A flexible budget must be created for year one and year two. Pro forma income statements and balance sheets should be created for at least year two and five ? New product must make up at least 1% of total revenues by year two and at least 2% by the end of year five. ? Access to intranet databases must be given to staff working on both diversification products so that cross pollination of ideas between projects can occur ? Product must be available in at least five languages by the end of year two and ten languages by the end of year five ?Economic value added should be positive after the year following the release date VI. Evaluation and Control A. Product 1 (Google Golden Life) ? Management should ensure a beta version is complete by the end of year one and a complete version is ready to be released on the internet by one and a half years ? Dupont Return on investment (ROI) calculation (net profit margin x total asset turnover) should be used to ensure whether or not ROI in year two meets or exceeds 6% in year two and 10% in year five. Management should audit the expenditures of the customer satisfaction team quarterly to determine if the team in charge of obtaining feedback by customers is staying within the budget and whether the budgeted amount of $1 million is fitted ? Management should determine whether or not market share (of the existing older internet users) is 5% at the end of year two and 20% or over after year 5 ? Management should ensure that a new version is available at the end of year two ?Management should evaluate product to verify whether or not it is earning 2% of revenues at the end of year two and 5% of revenues after year five. ? Product should be evaluated at the end of year two to ensure it has been translated into at least three languages and 15 or more languages after year five is complete ? Success of site should also be determined by whether or not it gets at least 10 million hits per month (eyeballs) after year two and 40 million hits per month by the end of year five ?Economic Value Added (EVA) should be positive at the end of year three B. Product 2 Google architect ? Management should check to make sure that deadlines have been reached concerning the beta version of the product after year one and the first, complete version is completed by one and a half years after the start of the project ? Dupont Return on Investment (ROI) calculation (net profit